Case 1 – Boarding Injury: A passenger slips and fractures their leg while boarding the plane via airline staircase.
✅ Result: Carrier is liable under Montreal Convention.
Why: The accident happened during the process of embarking, which is covered.
Actual Claim Payout (No Insurance Required):
- 🏥 Hospital bills: $20,000
- 💊 Medication costs: $800
- 💰 Lost income (1 month unable to work): $4,500
- ⚖️ Pain and suffering from physical injury: $8,000
- Total Claim: $33,300
Note: Pain & suffering compensation requires physical injury. Purely emotional distress without physical injury is not covered under Montreal Convention.
Case 2 – Baggage Damage: A checked suitcase arrives with a broken wheel and cracked shell.
✅ Result: Airline is liable under Montreal Convention.
Why: The checked baggage was in airline custody, and no defect was present in the bag itself.
Simple Baggage Claim Payout:
- 🧳 Suitcase replacement cost: $150
- 📋 Required: Purchase receipt, damage photos, baggage claim ticket
- Quick Settlement: $150
Case 3 – Lost Baggage (21+ Days): Checked luggage never arrives, and 21 days have passed without recovery.
✅ Result: Baggage is considered permanently lost — passenger can claim full compensation.
Why: Article 17(3) treats baggage as lost after 21 days. No insurance required.
Lost Baggage Claim Payout:
- 🧳 Suitcase value: $200
- 👕 Clothes inside (receipts/estimates): $800
- 📱 Electronics/toiletries inside: $400
- 🛍️ Emergency purchases (21 days): $600
- Total Claim: $2,000
Coverage includes: Original bag contents + immediate expenses for clothes/toiletries while waiting. Keep all receipts for emergency purchases during the 21-day period.
Case 4 – Passenger Death in Flight Accident: A passenger dies in an airline accident.
✅ Result: Airline must pay minimum compensation regardless of fault, plus additional if proven negligent.
Why: Montreal Convention provides strict liability up to 100,000 SDR (~€125,000) without needing to prove airline fault.
Death Compensation Breakdown:
- 👨👩👧👦 Personal insurance (if any): €18,000 (15,000 SDR)
- ✈️ Airline minimum payment: €125,000 (100,000 SDR) – guaranteed
- ⚖️ Additional if airline at fault: €250,000+ (unlimited, court-decided)
- Family Can Receive: €125,000 – €400,000+
Important: Airline must pay 100,000 SDR even if personal insurance covers some costs. Family gets insurance payout PLUS airline compensation. Must claim within 2 years of accident – no extensions possible.